Psychotherapy outcomes for suicidality based on modality type

There is an interesting article published, 07/02/25, in the Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Journal reporting on a meta analysis of the effectiveness of individual, group, and family therapy on suicidality.

The topic is of great interest to me because in my career of 56 years as a Psychiatric Social Worker I estimate I have done over 15,000 suicide evaluations, as many as 11 in one day when working as a Psychiatric Assignment Officer in a large urban hospital in Rochester, NY.

Based on my clinical experience and observation I already realized that a combination of modalities is the most effective treatment plan in most cases and in fact that is what the meta analysis found. When individual therapy was combined with group and/or family therapy outcomes were better.

This meta-analysis highlights that combined psychotherapy approaches, integrating individual sessions with group or family sessions, yields significantly higher effect sizes, reducing the risk of suicide attempts by 50%. These findings support the adoption of combined therapeutic strategies in clinical settings to effectively address suicidality. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpp.70112?af=R, accessed on 07/03/25)

I am currently working with a family where the mother has been hospitalized twice in the last year for suicide attempts. I have used a combination of individual sessions with the four family members as well as combination sessions.

The therapeutic work has taken many twists and turns and what one might expect has turned out to not be accurate and what one might not expect emerged. Murray Bowen describes families where there is a schizophrenic member in which roles can change and the person labeled “schizophrenic” turns out to be one of the healthier members of the family whereas the “healthier appearing” family member starts showing signs of significant psychiatric symptoms.

Dr. Bowen’s teaching led to the appreciation of the system’s view of mental illness and contributed to an understanding of the strategic family therapy phrase, “What is the function of the symptom for the system?”

So what does suicidality in a family member indicate about the family system? Can the family system be ignored as we focus on the symptomatic member alone? If we ignore the social context of our client will we achieve as good an outcome ameliorating the suicidality of the identified patient? Now we have some research that validates practice wisdom which indicates that focusing on the individual’s suicidality alone will not get as good an outcome as taking into account the individual’s interpersonal relationships.

Lastly, and it's a whole other topic, how do we chart and bill for such work and how does compliance with a medical model and its practice hamper and constrain effective therapy?

Longer term psychotherapy works according to a study published in JAMA

A study which appeared in the October 1, 2008 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association which found that long term psychodynamic psychotherapy works. Here is a snippet from the article:

People with complex mental disorders or personality disorders would benefit from long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy that lasts at least a year or longer, according to new research.

Published in the Oct. 1 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the German study found that compared to the more commonly used short-term therapy, long-term psychotherapy left people better off. In fact, the number of therapy sessions the patients had was directly correlated to improvements in symptoms.

"Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy was significantly superior to shorter forms of psychotherapy applied in the control groups. This was true with regard to overall effectiveness, target problems, and personality functioning," said the study's lead author, Falk Leichsenring, a professor of psychotherapy research in the department of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy at the University of Giessen in Germany.

"With regard to overall effectiveness, on average, patients with complex mental disorders were better off after treatment with long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy than 96 percent of the patients in the comparison groups. Thus, this meta-analysis provides evidence that long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy is an effective treatment for complex mental disorders," said Leichsenring.

"This study provides a great value for doctors and for patients, and one would hope could have an influence on policy decisions," added Dr. Charles Goodstein, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the New York University School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center in New York City.

Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy helps older folks with insomnia

From Psychiatric News Alert on 11/24/21

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) may help to prevent depression in older adults with insomnia disorder, according to a report published today in JAMA Psychiatry.

“Insomnia, occurring in nearly 50% of persons 60 years or older, contributes to a 2-fold greater risk of major depression,” wrote Michael R. Irwin, M.D., of the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and colleagues. “In this trial of older adults without depression but with insomnia disorder, delivery of CBT-I prevented incident and recurrent major depressive disorder by more than 50% compared with [sleep education therapy], an active comparator.”

Sleep deprivation cause depression and depression causes sleep deprivation. Which comes first, the chicken or the egg? Whichever it is, the sleep deprivation needs to be addressed and ameliorated so that over all physical and mental functioning can be improved.

There are many ways for sleep deprivation to be assessed and treated. Perhaps a sleep study is in order to rule out sleep apnea. Perhaps a mental health assessment is in order to rule out stress which is causing sleeplessness.

In the study referenced in this article it was found that Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy helped prevent intensification of depression.