Tuesday, May 11, 2021

Book Discussion - Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy - Bio-psycho-social-spiritual components of human functioning.


Bio-psycho-social-spiritual: the four components of human functioning.


After all, psychology is still a young field, just a little over a hundred years old. And the study of spirituality is even younger, after having been largely neglected by psychologists for many years. My hope is that this work contributes in some way to a more integrated approach to understanding and addressing the spiritual dimension in psychotherapy.


Kenneth I. Pargament PhD. Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy: Understanding and Addressing the Sacred (Kindle Locations 55-57). Kindle Edition. 


Most psychotherapists since the 1970s have been trained in the bio-psyco-social model of human behavior. In the last twenty years “spiritual” has been added so now we have the bio-psycho-social-spiritual model.


All four components of the model explaining human functioning are important. Kenneth Pargament is one of the early pioneering psychologists exploring the spiritual in addition to the other three models.


There is an important distinction to be made between “religious” and “spiritual.” Religious refers to membership in an institution and an ethnocentric identity which involves membership, adherence to creedal beliefs, certain practices and traditions, and respect for expert leaders of the religion as well as for sacred texts.


Spiritual is one’s relationship with one’s Higher Power whatever the person considers their Higher Power to be.


Some people are religious but not spiritual. Some people are spiritual but not religious, and some people are both religious and spiritual.


Being spiritual does not require a belief in a god. In fact many atheists consider themselves spiritual in the sense that they believe in a transcendent reality greater than their own egos if only a belief in the rightness of atheism itself.


One of the important aspects of a psychotherapist’s activity is to try to understand the client’s view of the world. The three major spiritual questions are: why was I born, what is the purpose of my life, what happens when I die? Unless the psychotherapist understands how the client would answer or does answer these three major existential questions, the psychotherapist may not be able to be of much help to the person.


These three questions are not often explicitly stated and discussed, but as the psychotherapist comes to know the client’s story and the client’s situation, an empathic psychotherapist will have a good sense of how the client views themself and the world.


Opening up these questions for exploration and examination may be an important part of any helpful episode of psychotherapy.


What's the deal about medical records in behavioral health?

 

Most of the requirements around progress notes come from regulators and payors.


I have always been taught, and practiced, according to the following ideas which are based on the "medical model";

An assessment leads to a diagnosis.
A diagnosis leads to a treatment plan to minimize, if not eliminate symptoms and increase functioning.
The treatment plan is composed of goals, and treatment interventions.
The "provider notes" are labeled "progress" notes to describe progress toward the achievement of treatment goals.
The treatment plan is adjusted according to the "progress made."

Conclusions:

Progress notes make no sense without a treatment plan specifying treatment goals.
The progress notes make little sense unless they detail treatment interventions and level of achievement to goals.

Regulators often have additional requirements like;
Treatment summaries every 90 days.
Discharge summaries detailing the achievement of treatment plan goals at the conclusion of "treatment"
In many settings, these assessments, treatment plans, and summaries must be co-signed by a supervisor and/or medical director.

In New York State, the Office of Mental Health, and Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services periodically do surprise visits to audit records. The agency's operating certificate depends on medical records compliance. Also State Medicaid funding is tied to required medical record documentation, If records are out of compliance, agencies can be assessed "pay backs" and agencies have to return sometimes millions if not hundreds of thousands of dollars of Medicaid money paid for services rendered but not recorded in the specified formats.

I have been through these audits and in the 90s they were draconian. This has led to staff time being skewed to medical record documentation for regulatory compliance rather than patient care. Many counselors dream of escaping this system to private practice to be liberated from enslavement to such systems.

I, currently, have 4 medical requests now on my desk from Ciox because Medicare is auditing Medical Option plans looking for Medicare fraud. It is interesting how the accountants and regulators have such a big impact on health care delivery to the extent that some physicians say that an equivalent amount of time and effort is spent on documentation rather than patient care. The same complaint is made by mental health professionals captured by these publicly funded agencies with all their regulatory requirements. 

Enter the Electronic Health Record which  promises to make these documentation requirements more efficient and effective. It's utter nonsense. I got a 12 page fax yesterday of a treatment summary for a partial hospitalization episode of a patient being referred to me for outpatient care. The only information the least bit helpful was the demographic information and diagnosis. All the rest were check boxes and fill in the blank kind of data reminding me of Mad Libs party games that has no context for living, breathing, sentient human being.

This kind of stuff makes me very sad at the end of my career. The robots have taken over and have convinced us to use these systems of care of human beings. Makes me cry. The point of these systems is not good patient care but, as always, money.

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FCC announces help for low income people to obtain internet service

 The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has announced that the Emergency Broadband Benefit (EBB) program will be available for individuals to apply to. This benefit is intended to provide temporary assistance to households who do not have or cannot afford high speed broadband in their place of residence. Eligible households will be able to receive up to a $50/month discount on an eligible internet service plan (Households on Tribal lands can receive up to a $75 discount). Some Internet Service Providers (ISPs) participating in this program are also offering a discount on the purchase of certain devices.


Some important things to know:
  • Households can sign up for the EBB program through the (1) participating provider's website, (2) applying online through the National Verifier, (3) or through the mail.
  • USAC also has created an Emergency Broadband Support Center with a hotline (833) 511-0311 and an email (EBBHelp@USAC.org) where they will answer questions for all interested parties. The Hotline is open from 9am-9pm ET. 7 days a week
  • USAC also has a website where households or consumer-based orgs will be able to obtain the EBB application UPON THE START OF THE PROGRAM. Getemergencybroadband.org 
  • Some local libraries will be prepared to help patrons who need assistance signing up. One would just need to ask at the reference desk whether the help is available or not.
Editor's note
 Lack of internet service is a big issue for many of my clients who have to go to the library or other public place to get online. This is a major issue in this modern age for doing even simply tasks like making job applications, accessing information about organizations, getting directions, etc.

Monday, May 10, 2021

I just bought a Guillotine bagel slicer.

 I just bought a Gullotine Bagel Slicer. I buy bagels by the dozen, slice them in half and throw them in the freezer where they will keep frozen for months. When I want a nice toasted bagel, I take one out of the freezer and pop it in the toaster. Smothered in butter or cream cheese or peanut butter and jelly or make a bagel sandwich with just about anything and you will experience a little bit of heaven on earth.

Book discussion - Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy by Kenneth Pargament.

I am reading Kenneth Pargament's book, Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy, and will be posting a series of articles on some of the ideas he discusses. Feel free to comment and share your thoughts as well.


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